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Deutsch Top 25 Cairo Attractions
The Top 25CairoSights include the Pyramids of Giza with the Sphinx, the Step Pyramid in Saqqara, the National Museum in Cairo, the Citadel of Salah El Den, the Alabaster of Muhammad Ali, the AlAzhar Mosque, the old city of Cairo, the Coptic sights in Cairo, and many more.
- The Pyramids of Giza, sights of Cairo
- Cheops Pyramid, Cairo Sights
- Pyramid of Chephren, Cairo Sights
- Pyramid of Mykrions, Cairo tourist attractions
- The Sphinx of Giza, Cairo Sights
- The Eastern Cemetery, Cairo Sights
- Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo Sights
- Khan el-Khalili, Cairo Sights
- The Saladin Citadel, Cairo Sights
- Old Cairo (Coptic Cairo), Cairo Sights
1- The Pyramids of Giza, Sights of Cairo
The exceptionally attractive pyramids of Giza are a must-see for all tourists. These burial pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty are located on the outskirts of the city and have captivated travelers for centuries.
The Pyramids of Giza have always been one of the best highlights of theCity of CairoThe heat and dust seem trivial to explorers when they experience the awe-inspiring Great Pyramid of Giza, the colossal pyramid of the Giza collection. Also known as the Pyramid of Cheops, it has a simple yet exquisite burial chamber containing a sarcophagus. The fascinating, slender sections inside the pyramid lead you to the Solar Boat Gallery, which displays fabulous sun-controlled bark reconstructions, restored to their unique excellence in the area. To the south, you would discover the Pyramid of Khafre, commonly referred to as the Pyramid of Cheops, a vast passageway. These burial chambers are guarded by the astonishing Sphinx, with a linear body and a face like a pharaoh, and arguably the most lauded landmark.CairoThis fascination is a significant milestone of the ancient world.
Cheops Pyramid, Cairo Sights
The Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), is famous as the largest of the three pyramids of Giza and the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Originally 146.5 meters tall, the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza has decreased by about 9 meters since its completion in 2570 BC. The structure is also known as the Pyramid of Khufu. The Great Pyramid was covered with white limestone casing stones. These casing stones were slanted and flattened. Over time, most of the casing stones have shifted from their original positions. The earthquake of great magnitude recorded in 1303 AD was one of the reasons for this. Muhammad Ali Pasha removed many of the casing stones from the Pyramid of Giza in the early 19th century AD. During your visit to the Great Pyramid of Giza, you may even find some of these casing stones near the pyramid structure. During your visit to the Great Pyramid of Giza, you should also visit the other two pyramids of Giza, namely the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Mycriva, in addition to the Sphinx and the Eastern Cemetery. The entrance to the Great Pyramid of Giza is located 17 meters above the ground.
History of the Great Pyramid of Giza
Built over 20 years by Cheops, the Great Pyramid of Giza is considered by many historians to have been designed by the vizier Hemiunu (or Hemon). The first measurements of the pyramid were taken between 1880 and 1882 by Flinders Petrie, who published them in *The Pyramids and Temples of Giza*. Since then, nearly all accounts published concerning the pyramid have taken his measurements into account.
Following the earthquake of 1303 AD, the dislodged casing stones of the Great Pyramid of Giza were carried away in 1356 AD by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan to build mosques and fortresses in Cairo. Explorers and archaeologists visiting the pyramids recorded the enormous piles of rubble as remnants of the collapsed casing stones, which were later removed during excavations at the site.
Furthermore, one can clearly observe a complex network of small buildings, even pyramids, surrounding the Great Pyramid. Most of these structures have gradually disappeared over time, and today only a black basalt pavement remains. There have been claims about these small pyramid temples being connected to the valley temples near the Sphinx.
Since the discovery of the entrance to the Great Pyramid of Giza, there has been much speculation about the construction method of the structure. While many believe that the enormous stones were pushed, pulled, or lifted by human hands, some suggest that the pyramid's workforce was organized in a hierarchy and consisted of two groups of 100,000 men. Whatever the reason, the Pyramid of Giza is more than just a monument. It is a symbol of the intelligence and high craftsmanship of the ancient Egyptians.
The architecture of the Great Pyramid of Giza
The original entrance to the Great Pyramid of Giza is located on its north side, approximately 7 meters east of the pyramid's central axis. From this entrance, one is led down through the pyramid's masonry into the bedrock below. After a certain distance, the passage levels out and continues for about 9 meters to the Lower Chamber.
It is clearly evident that the lower chamber was left unfinished by the workers during construction. The actual purpose of this chamber remains unclear to this day. The reason for the so-called "air shafts" created as part of the upper chambers is also incomprehensible.
The same passage leads to the Grand Gallery, which resembles a cobblestone walkway approximately 9 meters high. Walking through the Grand Gallery, one can observe the precision with which the stones were fitted together in the walls, and the highly polished surface of the rocks gleams under the yellow lamps. Continuing along the Grand Gallery, one reaches the King's Chamber. The King's Chamber is constructed entirely of red granite, likely sourced from the southern quarries of Aswan.
The architectural marvel of the Great Pyramid is that the King's Chamber is located precisely on the pyramid's central axis. The King's Chamber was further sealed with massive granite blocks, and the entrance shaft was filled with limestone to prevent the chamber from being opened.
Just outside the Great Pyramid lie the large boat pits of Khufu. Of the seven boat pits, five are located east of the pyramid, while the other two are to the south. These boat pits are merely a brick model of the boat. The primary purpose of these boat pits was to transport the king to important destinations in his afterlife. They were also used as part of the king's funeral processions.
The boat pits, the smaller pyramid temples, and the Great Pyramid of Giza together form the Great Pyramid complex. Even today, no one is able to predict the technology and methods used to build the Great Pyramid, which dates back to 2570 BC.
Pyramid of Chephren, Cairo Sights
Standing approximately 136 meters tall with a base measuring over 215 square meters, the Pyramid of Khafre is also known as the Second Pyramid of Giza. Built by Pharaoh Khafre of the 4th Dynasty, the pyramid was originally covered in Tura limestone, which made it gleam in bright sunlight. Over time, the limestone's whitish color faded, giving it the yellowish-brown hue seen today. Like the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre is built upon a large bedrock. Due to the elevated height of the bedrock on which it was constructed, the Pyramid of Khafre appears taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu). The pyramid's interior consists of small and large chambers carved from limestone, some of which have been discovered by archaeologists and Egyptologists in recent centuries. Of these, only one chamber has been opened to the public by the authorities. When visiting the Pyramid of Khafre, be sure to also take time to see the satellite pyramid and the temples of Khafre built near the main pyramid. Today, only the remains of the outer foundation of the satellite pyramid are visible. Furthermore, the temples of Khafre can also be visited near the Sphinx, close to the Temple of Khufu. In general, the temples of Khafre comprise the Valley Temple, the Mortuary Temple, and the causeway. The site is a living spectacle, carefully preserved by Mother Nature over the centuries, offering a glimpse into ancient Egyptian architecture and culture. The Great Pyramid of Khufu and the Pyramid of Menkaure will surely add memorable touches to your travel journal.
The story of the Pyramid of Khafre
Although many people believe the pyramid is the tomb of a 4th-century pharaoh, no solid evidence has yet been found to support this claim. Furthermore, the absence of inscriptions on the walls of the chambers has prevented anyone from discovering the true reason for the pyramid's construction.
According to historians and Egyptologists, the Pyramid of Khafre was first opened during the First Intermediate Period (2181-2055 BC). Around the same time, the pyramid was stripped of its contents. Furthermore, during the 18th Dynasty (1549-1292 BC), the casing stones were removed from the Pyramid of Khafre by Ramses II. These casing stones were then used for the construction of a temple in Heliopolis.
Records by the Arab historian Ibn Abd al-Salam mention that the Pyramid of Khafre was first opened in 1372 AD. However, the structure was first explored from the inside in 1818 AD by Giovanni Belzoni, when the main entrance to the pyramid was discovered on its north side. At the same time, the pyramid's burial chamber was also found, though it contained an open sarcophagus with a broken lid lying on the floor.
The massive mortuary temple of Khafre was excavated by Holscher and von Sieglin in 1910 AD. The temple comprises an entrance hall, a courtyard, five statue chapels, storage rooms, and an offering hall. Since most of the mortuary temple lies in ruins, only the massive courtyard of Khafre's mortuary temple, which includes niches for the placement of royal statues, is visible.
Approximately 0.5 km south of the mortuary temple of Khafre, along the roughly paved causeway, lies the valley temple of Khafre. The valley temple is in a much better and better preserved state than the mortuary temple and was discovered by Mariette in 1852 AD. Originally consisting of about 24 diorite statues of the king seated on his throne, only one of these statues remains in good condition. It is believed that the valley temple of Khafre was used in antiquity to perform the embalming rites prior to the king's burial. This belief is further supported by the discovery of the remains of the "purification tent" near the temple.
The architecture of the Chephren-Chephren-
The pyramid has two entrances to its inner structure, both located on the north side. One of these entrances is at ground level, while the other is approximately 11 meters above ground level.
Visitors are usually led into the pyramid through the upper entrance, which leads to a narrow passage directly down to the burial chamber. The burial chamber is constructed of large limestone blocks and contains Khafre's sarcophagus made of black granite. Both the passage and the burial chamber were hewn from the pyramid's bedrock and are made of limestone.
The mortuary temple of Khafre consists of large limestone blocks lined internally with red granite and set in delicate, high-quality stone casings. The temple also includes five boat pits located to the north and south. Currently, only the plundered remains of these boat pits are visible.
Like the mortuary temple, the valley temple of Khafre was also built from monolithic limestone blocks. These rectangular blocks also contain linings of Aswan granite, which form the temple's columns. Both the temples and the pyramid of Khafre are closed for a period each year for restoration work. This helps the authorities preserve the culture and history of Egyptian civilization and allows tourists to experience the preserved ancient Egyptian culture.
Visit to the Pyramid of Khafre
Visitors to the Pyramid of Khafre can also take time to visit the other two pyramids of Giza, namely the Pyramid of Cheops and the Pyramid of Mecreynios.
Activities at the Pyramid of Chephren: Camel ride
You can book a tour of the site of the three pyramids of Giza.Camel rideIt takes you back to antiquity and allows you to view the beauty of the Pyramids of Giza from a different perspective.
If you feel uncomfortable riding on the ship of the desert, you can hop on one of the horses and take a walk around the pyramids.
Pyramid of Mykrions, Cairo tourist attractions
The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three pyramids at Giza, standing at only 61 meters tall. A visit to the Pyramid of Menkaure allows you to clearly appreciate its architectural beauty and the suffering it endured at the hands of ancient rulers who attempted to destroy this magnificent wonder of the world. Since the dawn of Egyptian civilization, the Egyptians have fascinated us with their intellectual prowess and their ability to create bizarre monuments, buildings, and tombs. One such intriguing structure is the Pyramid of Menkaure. Along with its satellite pyramids, the Pyramid of Menkaure can truly be considered a fusion of science, architecture, Egyptian culture, and mythology. To ensure your visit to the Pyramid of Menkaure is also a fun and adventurous experience, you may find many locals offering paid activities such as camel rides, horseback riding, and more.
History of the Pyramid of Mekrynios
During your visit to the Pyramid of Menkaure, you will notice that the pyramid, including its satellite pyramids, is incomplete. This is because the pharaoh died while the pyramids were under construction. However, if you explore a bit, you can come across the Mortuary Temple and the Valley Temple of Menkaure, which are must-sees when visiting the Giza pyramids.
Unlike the other two pyramids, the Pyramid of Menkaure has a unique architecture that has made it famous worldwide. During your visit to the Pyramid of Menkaure, you will see the so-called upper antechamber. In 1837 AD, Richard Vyse was the first person to enter the pyramid structure, only to discover Menkaure's coffin and a sarcophagus belonging to a woman, most likely his queen. Some bones were also found inside, and carbon dating indicates that the bones are 2,000 years old. The coffin lid is now in the British Museum, while the sarcophagus currently rests on the seabed of the Mediterranean.
Furthermore, Saladin's son al-Malek al-Aziz ben Yusuf attempted to remove the north wall of the pyramid for eight months in the late 12th century.
Due to the problems encountered during the demolition of the Pyramid of Menkaure, al-Malek had to abandon this idea. However, his plans left a large vertical gap in the pyramid's north wall, which is still clearly visible today. Since then, the Pyramid of Menkaure has stood to draw the attention of people from all over the world to the life of Pharaoh Menkaure.
The architecture of the third pyramid of Giza
Originally situated at a height of 65.5 meters, the Pyramid of Mykrnios has reduced in size to 61 meters over millennia. The smallest of all the pyramids in the Giza necropolis, the Pyramid of Menkaure has a tilt angle of 51.020.25°. Unlike the other two pyramids, which are constructed entirely of limestone on the outside, the Pyramid of Menkaure has its first sixteen passages of red granite. In contrast, the upper part of the exterior is made of Tura limestone.
Near the main pyramid of Menkaure lie its satellite pyramids. Of these, the third and largest pyramid is constructed partly of granite and limestone. Although it is the only completed satellite pyramid, the other two were unfortunately never built. This was due to the death of Pharaoh Menkaure, who died when only the cores of the two satellite pyramids had been constructed. Furthermore, as a consequence of Menkaure's death, the granite slabs that were to be attached to the outer surface of the main pyramid remained incomplete.
The mortuary temple at Menkaure is constructed from various materials. While the foundations and inner core are made of limestone, the floor is granite. The foundations of the Valley Temple at Menkaure were also made of stone. However, during your visit to the temples, you will notice that they are finished with rough bricks. The diversity of materials used in the construction of the main pyramid, the satellite pyramids, and the temples that have survived for centuries gives the Menkaure pyramid its unique character.
Sphinx, Cairo Sights
With the body of a lion and the face of a man, the Sphinx of Giza stands at a height of approximately 20 meters on the west bank of the Nile. The Sphinx was also recognized as a mythical creature in Greek mythology, where it was a merciless killer who posed riddles and murdered anyone who could not answer them. Carved from its limestone bedrock, the Sphinx is considered the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt. It is the same bedrock that served as the quarry for the construction of the Pyramids of Giza. During your visit to the Sphinx, you will notice that the nummulitic limestone of the region consists of different layers with varying resistance to erosion. Historians attribute the uneven erosion of the structure over time to this characteristic of the limestone. It is quite fascinating to see how the Sphinx was hewn from the bedrock, especially given the lack of such technology. With the Pyramids of Giza in the background, your visit to the Sphinx will provide some of the most unforgettable photos of your trip to Cairo. And who wouldn't want to capture the Sahara sunset on camera?
History of the Sphinx of Giza
Due to the varying quarrying of the limestone from which the Sphinx was carved, archaeologists have been unable to pinpoint the exact time of its construction. Furthermore, there was a period when the Giza necropolis was abandoned. Consequently, the Sphinx remained buried up to its shoulders in sand until 1400 BC, when Thutmose IV began its first excavation.
With the team he had, Thutmose IV was able to excavate the front paws of the Sphinx. To commemorate his efforts and dedicate his excavation to the Egyptian sun god Ra, Thutmose IV erected a granite slab between the Sphinx's paws, known as the Dream Stele. A further round of excavation was then carried out by Ramses II the Great.
But it wasn't until 1817 AD that proper archaeological excavations of the Sphinx were carried out to free the monument's components from the Saharan sands. The entire structure of the Sphinx was excavated between 1925 and 1936 AD under the supervision of Émile Baraize.
No records have been found that mention the role of the Sphinx in ancient Egyptian civilization. Historians have been unable to determine the name the Egyptians gave to the monumental structure. However, due to its similarities to a mythical creature from Greek mythology, the Egyptian monument has been given the name Sphinx. Many historians have also compared the Sphinx's role for the Egyptians to that of Khafre's reign. Therefore, it is believed that this iconic figure represents aspects of Khafre's own personality.
After the monument was completely cleared, the Egyptian government carried out several repairs to the Sphinx. Some attribute the Sphinx's broken nose to Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers, as traces of rods were found hammered around the nasal area. Additionally, the monument's beard had fallen off due to erosion; it was later collected by British adventurers and taken to the British Museum.
The Sphinx is restored several times a year. The main reason for this is the rising water level of the Nile, which causes internal cracks in the Sphinx. For this reason, the Sphinx remains closed to the public during restoration work. Before you plan your trip toCairoTherefore, when planning, you should check whether the restorations will be carried out or not.
The architecture of the Sphinx of Giza
The Sphinx of Giza has a distinctive lion's body and a human head and stands guard over the three pyramids of Giza at a height of 20 meters on the Sahara Desert floor. Many people report that Khafre constructed the Sphinx, but no such obvious evidence has been found to support this claim.
However, based on the Dream Stele, a granite slab erected at the base of the Sphinx bearing hieroglyphs mentioning Khafre, historians believe the Sphinx represents the personality of Pharaoh Khafre himself. Furthermore, the Valley Temple and Khafre's mortuary temple near the Sphinx further support this assumption. Several theories have even been proposed to explain the Sphinx's construction. But no one has been able to pinpoint or uncover a precise explanation for the Sphinx's structure, which happens to be one of the world's architectural wonders, a time when technology was still far from human understanding.
The Eastern Cemetery, Cairo Sights
The Eastern Cemetery lies on the eastern side of the Giza Plateau. The burial site for most of King Khufu's family members, it is a global attraction. One reason for this is the impressive limestone tombs, which defy modern engineering. Another is the intricate carvings within the mastaba structures. Some of these structures even contain multiple chambers. A visit to the Eastern Cemetery will allow you to appreciate and admire both the architecture and the beauty of the place. Although local authorities have closed some of the tombs to the public in recent years, the tombs of Meresankh III and Seshemnufer IV remain open. The walls and the atmosphere of the site speak for themselves, evoking the glorious Egyptian civilization and leaving a lasting impression on your travel journal.
The architecture of the East Cemetery
The graves in the Eastern Cemetery are arranged in seven rows, each grave of a different size. The largest mastaba belongs to Prince Ankh-haf and is located in the northeast corner of the cemetery. Also on the eastern side of the site is the tomb of Meresankh III.
At the far corner of the eastern cemetery is the burial shaft of Queen Hetepheres. In the southern part of the cemetery is the tomb of Seshemnufer IV. The site also contains other mastabas and tombs, such as the mastaba of Qar, the tomb of Idu, and the tomb of Nefermaat.
Only the tombs of Meresankh III and Seshemnufer IV can be visited inside. Upon entering the tomb of Meresankh III, one is immediately captivated by the carvings on the walls. The depictions of everyday scenes from ancient Egypt, such as crafts and agriculture, as well as frescoes of the Meresankh III family, are a feast for the eyes.
Grave of Snow
To the east of the Pyramid of Hetepheres I lies the mastaba of Qar. Today, the massive structure of the mastaba is no longer visible, as the above-ground portion has gradually crumbled over the years. A staircase can be found leading to an underground hall containing numerous hieroglyphs. Statues of Qar can also be seen seated at a table, receiving offerings from the people.
It is believed that Qar held several important positions during the Pharaonic period. These included the position of "Overseer of the Pyramid Cities of Khufu and Menkaure," "Inspector of the Wab Priests of the Pyramid of Khafre," and "Leaseholder of the Pyramid of Pepi I." From various events at different stages of Qar's life to his funeral procession, the walls of Qar's tomb reveal everything about one of the key figures of Egyptian civilization.
Tomb of Queen Meresankh III
The tomb of Queen Meresankh III, known as the "Daughter of the King" and married to Khafre, is a large and beautiful two-story mastaba, located south of the massive tomb of Prince Ankh-haf. The tomb's entrance staircase leads to a large chamber depicting many beautiful rites and rituals performed in antiquity.
Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo Sights
Al-Azhar Mosque is a magnificent institution in the heart of theCity of Cairoand the most magnificent building, attracting millions of visitors throughout the year. Built in 972 AD, it is ancient and one of Cairo's most important landmarks.
Al-Azhar Mosque stands prominently in the heart of the city center and is not only a mosque but also one of the oldest universities in the world. This spectacular landmark has a massive main gate that allows visitors to enter and explore the breathtaking architecture of this marvel. The mosque's five minarets are visible and can be touched. Visitors often sit inside and pray in the central hall, seeking respite from the bustling world outside.
Khan el-Khalili, Cairo Sights
One of the world's largest markets, Khan al-Khalili, is a vibrant, exciting, and inspiring place. With its constant buying, selling, haggling, and shopping, this local market is well worth a visit. Travelers often spend a lot of time here exploring the local specialties and buying souvenirs.
The astonishing collection of shops and stores spread across vast acres offers customers almost everything imaginable. From semi-precious and expensive stone items to replica pyramids of varying sizes, visitors have a wide array to browse. Pick up souvenirs at bargain prices for your loved ones and visit Fishaws Ahwa Cafe for a bit of relaxation. Another noteworthy stop is Midaq Alley, renowned for its impressive architecture.
The Saladin Citadel, Cairo Sights
The Saladin Citadel was built in 1176 directly on the foothills of the vast Mokattam mountain. It is one of the most remarkable creations of military infrastructure and attracts many tourists every year.
Egypt's most famous mosque, nicknamed the "Alabaster Mosque," is known for the remarkable white stone from which the entire monument is built. Stroll around the grounds and experience one of the city's most fantastic views. Head northeast and you'll come across the magnificent El-Nasir Mosque, which is essentially a complex of many small museums clustered together.
Old Cairo (Coptic Cairo), Cairo Sights
This small, church-filled cluster of winding alleyways lies within the walls of Old Babylon, where the Roman Emperor Trajan first established a fortress along the Nile. Parts of the Roman towers still stand above the main street.
This small and enclosed region, also known as Coptic CairoCalled the Old City, it is the oldest city. It is the heart of the Coptic Christian community, and although it is somewhat dilapidated, it remains a truly fascinating place. The Coptic Museum contains much valuable information about the early Christian period in Egypt and houses one of the finest collections of Coptic art in Egypt. Nearby is the 9th-century Hanging Church, with a beautiful collection of Coptic designs. Originally built in the 4th century over Roman gate towers, the church was significantly rebuilt in the 9th century.
Hanging Church, Cairo Sightseeing
The Hanging Church ofCairoIt is a stone facade inscribed with Coptic and Arabic script. The Hanging Church of Cairo, also known as the Church of the Holy Virgin Mary, is one of the most popular and oldest churches in the world. Dating back to the 3rd century AD, the Hanging Church of Coptic Cairo contains 110 sacred icons.
Since the church was built on the southern gatehouse of the Roman fortress of Babylon, it derives its name, "Hanging," from this location. This is because, due to its unique position, the church appears to be suspended in mid-air. It is also interesting to note that even the church's Arabic name, el Mu'allaqah, translates into English as "The Suspended Ones." Unfortunately, this phenomenon can no longer be observed today due to the rising elevation of the surrounding terrain.
Al-Azhar Park, Cairo tourist attractions.
Once a rubbish dump, it has been thoroughly redesigned and cleaned to offer nature lovers a tranquil green space. In contrast to the hustle and bustle of the busy city center, the park offers travelers a wonderful place to relax.
Explore the verdant grounds of Al-Azhar and enjoy nature in its purest form. Climb to the top and discover the brilliant blue lake and the central fountain, which never fails to impress visitors. Stop by some of the cafes and bars and relax for a while – all in all, a very comfortable and pleasant sight.
Bab Zuweila, Cairo Sights
Ah! The fascinating Bab Zuweila gate! Founded in the 11th century, much earlier than most other areas, Bab Zuweila has a distinctly ancient charm. Tourists often come and climb this relic to experience some of the most fascinating rooftop views overlooking Islamic Cairo.
The city's only remaining southern gate, Bab Zuweila, was built in the Middle Ages. It served as an entrance to the city of Cairo.The spectacular minarets at the gate beautifully showcase the architecture of that era. The gate was also famous as a place where the rulers of the time executed criminals and prisoners. Tourists often enjoy the breathtaking view from the top of this magnificent landmark.
Zamalek, Cairo Sights
The extravagant Zamalek district is conveniently located in the heart of Gezira on the sparkling Nile. The entire area exudes a sophisticated European flair, with boutiques and restaurants furnished in the English style.
Famous for its exotic restaurants, bars, and hotels, Zamalek is equally renowned for its unique exhibitions. The district is home to the Palace of Arts, which regularly hosts rotating exhibitions of some of the most delicate pieces of ancient Egyptian art. Admire the breathtaking Nile and soak in the true beauty of the neighborhood.
Nine Sultan Hassan Mosques, Cairo Sights
The Sultan Hassan Mosque is a superb example of brilliant Egyptian architecture. This ancient yet exciting monument was completed in 1363 and continues to fascinate its visitors.
The Sultan Hassan Mosque showcases the true vision of Egyptian art. With its fascinating intricate details, this massive mosque was built during the Mamluk era for Sultan Hassan al-Nasir. The entrance is a fine example of stonework, reminiscent of an ancient Egyptian temple. To the north is a colossal gate, which is also the tallest in the capital.
Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo Sights
Opposite the government officeCairoAt the intersection of Port Said and Mohamed Ali streets stands the magnificent Museum of Islamic Art (MIA). It's a must-see for anyone traveling to Cairo, thanks to the building's stunning architecture and the exquisite historical artifacts housed within.
In recent years, the Museum of Islamic Art has displayed around 4,500 artifacts in 25 halls. The rest are in the museum ready for presentation to the general public and tourists in due course.
The museum is believed to house over 100,000 artifacts and has become the largest museum of Islamic art over the years. Among its treasures are the Kitab fil-adwiya al-mufrada (the Holy Quran) and artifacts from the 16th-century Mamluk period, making it one of the most famous museums in the world.
With such a rich historical collection, the Museum of Islamic Art prides itself on being one of the world's leading promoters of Islamic art and civilization. The MIA undertakes several initiatives to reach the maximum number of national and international visitors in order to realize its vision. The overarching aim is to recognize the contributions of Islamic civilization to heritage and culture worldwide.
History of the Museum of Islamic Art
The Museum of Islamic Art is located in Bab Al-Khalq, also known as the heart of historic Cairo. Its significant collection of historical artifacts was collected from countries such as India, China, Iran, and Egypt.
The founding of the Museum of Islamic Art dates back to 1869, when Khedive Tawfiq approved the establishment of the museum.
Frantz Pasha began collecting artifacts and antique objects from the Islamic world to put his words into practice. All the collected items were stored in the east wing of the al-Hakem Bi Amr illah Mosque. In 1892, the Arab Museum was founded in the courtyard of the same mosque, with Frantz Pasha as its director.
Khedive Abbas Helmi finally opened the current museum building on December 28, 1903. The building is located in Bab Al-Khalq Square, was then known as the House of Arab Antiquities, and was changed to the Museum of Islamic Art in 1951.
Collections
A visit to the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo is a feast for the eyes. One of the facts that justifies this statement is that the MIA houses historical masterpieces from almost all segments of Islamic art developed to date.
From beautiful textile embroideries and carpets to carved stones, from glass, ceramic and metal objects to manuscripts on medicine, engineering, horticulture, astronomy, geography, etc., the Museum of Islamic Art is a perfect place for history lovers and its admirers.
The museum's collections even include objects made of wood and ivory, weapons, and jewelry. Today, the manuscripts on display attract historians, researchers, and the general public from around the world. Some of the notable artifacts are the Holy Quran (8th century CE, MIA No. 24145?), a glass vessel (7th-8th century CE, MIA No. 7203?), and a ceramic bowl (16th century CE, MIA No. 15858).
All in all, the level at which MIA presents the works of Islamic civilization is sufficient to travel back in time and experience the expertise and details of the craftsmen of that era.
Library of the Museum of Islamic Art
The library of the Museum of Islamic Art, located on the first floor of the administration building, houses a flourishing and rare collection of books and reference works on art and architecture, Islamic history, antiquities, medicine, and other topics. The books are arranged according to various artistic themes, with a total of almost thirty thousand items!
The books and manuscripts presented here demonstrate the depth and breadth of knowledge and skills possessed by Islamic scholars and craftsmen. Furthermore, these books contain some of the most complex theories and concepts relevant to the present scenario.
Restoration of the museum building
In 2003, the museum building underwent a new phase of development, transforming into a three-story administration building. The three floors housed the restoration department, the library, and staff offices. An auditorium was also constructed next to the museum's restoration department. The building was opened to the public on October 28, 2010.
The layout of the exhibition halls has also been changed. The right side of the main entrance is dedicated to Islamic art from the Umayyad period to the Ottoman era. The left side of the main hall is exclusively for Islamic artifacts and artworks, displayed thematically. These include science, architecture, water, calligraphy, horticulture, and so on.
Nearly a third of the historical objects housed in the museum were damaged by the bombing raids in January 2014. All damaged items were sorted from the rubble and sent for restoration while the building was closed for reconstruction.
Donations from the UAE, UNESCO, ARCHE, the Swiss government, and the Italian government led to a complete renovation and relaunch of the Museum of Islamic Art in the first months of 2015. Since then, the museum has attracted increasing numbers of visitors from around the world and has become a major attraction in Cairo.
11-Coptic Museum, Cairo Sights
Over time, various communities from around the world visited ancient Egypt, leaving behind insights into their own culture and traditions.
According to proverbs, the Coptic Museum houses more than 16,000 artifacts dating back to the presence of Christians in Egypt. Almost all of these artifacts were collected from various monasteries throughout Egypt. The aim of establishing this museum is to present the history of contemporary Christian Egyptian society.
When you visit this ancient museum at the site of Babylon, you will find that the artifacts on display highlight the connection between the various religions at the end of the pagan era and the development of Christianity. There is even a museum section that allows researchers to delve deeper into the history of the museum itself and the nearby Coptic churches.
The Coptic Museum helps you understand the values and cultures brought to Egypt by Christians. It even displays artifacts that are the result of a blend of different cultures and communities in Egypt. Furthermore, the museum's magnificent architecture and the adjacent churches are something else you'll admire. A visit to the Coptic Museum is definitely a must on your list.
History of the Museum
The museum's inauguration can be traced back to March 1910, when Marcus Pasha laid the foundation stone using public funds. The first artifacts displayed in the museum were mainly silver antiques, frescoes, icons, and vestments received from Patriarch Cyril V and the Coptic community in Egypt.
The museum's success prompted the Department of Antiquities to take it under its jurisdiction in 1931. The historical artifacts, originally housed in the Egyptian Museum and belonging to the Christian community, were moved to the Coptic Museum in 1939 for display in the museum's new building, completed in 1944.
Since its founding, the Coptic Museum has undergone several renovations, primarily necessitated by damage to the existing building. The museum's old hall was closed in 1966, and the entire museum was renovated in the 1980s. Further renovations took place between 2005 and 2006.
After Marcus Pasha, the Coptic Museum was succeeded by Dr. Togo Mina and later by Dr. Pahor Labib, who happened to be the museum's first director. Even today, the Coptic Museum strives to reach people from diverse communities around the world, including the Coptic community. With this vision, the museum aims to serve as a platform for the exchange of experiences and heritage based on the Coptic history of Egypt and to share this with the rest of the world.
Museum architecture
Aside from the magnificent artifacts housed in the Coptic Museum, you will find the architecture of the museum grounds, along with the churches surrounding it, to be an architectural marvel.
The museum's lush green garden offers a sense of tranquility as you explore the architecture of the museum building throughout the day. The building is adorned with antique mashrabiya screens and mosaics along the pathways.
Furthermore, the museum's fascinating architecture helps you experience the Pharaonic era in conjunction with the Islamic period. The intermingling of Greek, Roman, Ottoman, and Byzantine cultures and traditions in ancient Egyptian history can also be experienced during a visit to the Coptic Museum. All in all, you are sure to fall in love with the beauty of this place.
Notable artifacts
Among the many historical artifacts housed in the Coptic Museum, you will find a wide selection of collections and objects to view. These include masterpieces of stonemasonry, manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, and icons dating back to 300 AD.
One of these masterpieces is the tunic, which dates back to the 5th century AD. The tunic, made of linen and wool, was a garment worn during the Greco-Roman civilization.
Upon closer inspection of the tunic, an arcade with figures of dancers and warriors can easily be discerned. The underside of the tunic, covered with human busts, dancers, and warriors, underscores the excellence of the textile workers of that period.
Another artifact that will take you deep into Coptic history is the icon of Jesus entering Jerusalem as king. This 18th-century icon, painted on wood in the Achim style, depicts Jesus' victorious entry into Jerusalem.
When discussing the icon, one can imagine people lining the route, throwing garlands to Jesus, and bowing as he walks ahead. The event was known as "Palm Sunday." But to see such minute details of this masterpiece, you must visit the Coptic Museum.
Interesting facts
The 'Hanging Church' of the Virgin Mary and the 'Church of St. Sergius', located on the grounds of the Coptic Museum, date back to the 5th century AD.
The National Museum in Cairo, Cairo Sights
The city center ofCairoThe integrated museum is also known by various names such as the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities and the Museum of Cairo. It houses some of the rarest and most unique historical artifacts of the period. These artifacts are guaranteed to amaze you and offer a glimpse into Egypt's golden age, when its cultures and heritage flourished under the rule of its kings. The artifacts displayed in the museum's galleries present a comprehensive overview of Egyptian civilization, including collections dating back to prehistoric times.
The absolutely fantastic collection of ancient masterpieces displayed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo makes it one of the most incredible exhibition halls in the world. The museum attracts many tourists and informs them about the history of Egypt.
With around 120,000 exhibits, the Egyptian Museum is one of the largest museums in the region. It also holds the record for possessing the world's most extensive collection of pharaonic antiquities.
The corridors and halls of the museum building, the golden death mask of Tutankhamun, mummies, jewelry and many other historical artifacts serve as a medium to give you an insight into one of the golden ages of Egyptian culture and civilization.
To realize its vision, the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities has been undertaking numerous long-term initiatives. These initiatives combine experience, knowledge, and ideas from both national and international levels, making it easier to achieve this goal. If you are interested in history, a visit to the museum will provide you with a wealth of information about the history of Egypt and its rulers.
Museum history
The Egyptian Museum, originally founded by the Egyptian government, was relocated to Boulaq in 1858. This also led to the establishment of the new Antiquities Department. The museum building was formerly situated on the banks of the Nile, but suffered extensive damage during the Nile flood of 1878.
The artifacts, which were successfully restored after the flood, were moved to a royal palace in Giza in 1891 and eventually to the current location of the museum in Tahrir Square in Cairo.
However, the 2011 revolution led to the damage and destruction of many artifacts and other collected items, including damage to the building itself. Of the damaged items, approximately 25 were restored and displayed as part of an exhibition.
Museums Layout
Upon reaching the museum, you will be amazed by collections and artifacts dating from 1550 to 1069 BC, the New Kingdom. Enormous statues, sarcophagi, tables, coins, and manuscript fragments stand directly in the vestibule after entering the museum. Most of the manuscripts have deteriorated with age, but the coins are very well restored and are made of gold, silver, and bronze.
The first floor of the building displays artifacts from the last two dynasties of Egypt. These include collections from the Valley of the Kings and the tombs of pharaohs Thutmose III, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep II, and Hatshepsut. The floor also showcases materials from the intact tombs of Tutankhamun and Psusennes I. These exhibits offer a journey through ancient Egypt and the skills of its artisans.
Tentmakers Market, Cairo Sights
In a time of increasing industrialization and automation, permeating various segments and disciplines of the global market, Egypt is one of the few countries that meets people's expectations in reviving historical practices and art. To prove this statement,Cairosuch a city, which has survived as a mantelpiece of ancient Egyptian history, culture and art of the tent.
You are located on a 300-meter-long street above the Bab Zuwalya, the Tent Makers Market of Cairo, which is a must-see if you like handwoven textile designs and embroidery techniques.
Cairo's Tent Makers Market is not only the hotspot for tent making and textile art in Egypt, but also home to the largest group of tent makers in this beautiful city. Strolling through the market, you can discover the impressive heritage of Egypt's textile industry. Beautiful blankets, embroidered cushion covers, and throws can all be found in this ancient market.
Such a high level of craftsmanship in art and textiles is hard to find in this age of machines and industry. Besides the beauty of the Tent Makers Market, the covered roof along its perimeter allows you to explore the entire site while escaping the scorching Saharan sun. Although sunlight filters through gaps in the ceiling, it won't overheat you during your visit to this beautiful place.
The architecture of the market
The Tent Makers Market is one of the few places in Egypt that dates back to the Middle Ages. Taking its name from some of Egypt's masterpieces, the Tent Makers Market is the only place in Cairo you can visit if you're looking to buy textile materials.
Upon entering the market, one can observe a typical pattern in the local architecture. The buildings, constructed on both sides of the street, consist of two stories. The ground floor is used as a shop by the tentmakers, while the upper floor serves as their living quarters.
Among these shops, you'll find businesses specializing in tents and decorations for shop interiors. Further along, you'll find shops selling other textiles such as colored fabrics, cushions, pillowcases, wall hangings, Egyptian cotton bedspreads, and much more. The tents produced in this market are used for various events, including weddings, funerals, public gatherings, and inaugurations.
The Tentmakers' Market suffered extensive damage to its foundations after the devastating 1992 earthquake that shook the land of the pharaohs. Some structures are still being restored today. Viewing them gives you a sense of the intensity and impact of the 1992 earthquake.
History of the Tent Makers Market
Sharia Khayamiya, one of Cairo's remaining fully covered markets, was originally part of Muiz El-Din Street and glorifies the section of road between Bab El Fotouh and Bab Zuwalya. Although the shops in this market are almost 150 years old, the craftsmanship related to tents and other textile products has been practiced since 2500 BC.
These shops were badly damaged by the 1992 earthquakes and almost all have been renovated since. It is the stories of this market's survival that are fascinating to learn.
Mosque of Qaitbey, Cairo Sights
In the northern sector of the Mamluk district, known as "The City of the Dead," lies the mosque and madrasa of the late Sultan Qaitbey.
Over the years, most of the buildings collapsed, and what remains intact today is the mosque and the mausoleum. The site also includes a smaller mosque and mausoleum built for the sons of Sultan Qaitbey, also known as the Maq'ad. The mosque grounds also encompass a watering trough for animals, called a hod, and apartment complexes that were intended for rental.
The architecture of the building and the interior of the mosque are a vivid example of Islamic architecture and the conventional geometric patterns displayed in its works. This statement proves true throughout the site; the best example being the wooden lantern ceiling above the prayer hall in the mosque.
Further examples of the mosque's breathtaking beauty include a polychrome marble floor on the ground floor and the skin ceiling, which is designed to facilitate the central skylight into the mosque.
Story
According to historical sources, there were several building-like structures within the vast grounds of the mosque. All of these structures fell within a single perimeter wall of the mosque. Furthermore, in the area, which happened to be located on the other side of the street, there were even buildings that Sultan Qaitbey himself had constructed.
Furthermore, there were approximately 80 buildings in the Sultan's name, which he prolifically designed and constructed to establish himself as a benchmark in the field of Islamic architecture and history. And as one of the last Mamluk rulers, Sultan Qaitbay closely followed the Mamluk architectural style, incorporating elements of his own culture and traditions.
Mosque architecture
You will find that the architecture of Sultan Qaitbey's Mosque is a masterpiece in its own right, even among Cairo's other attractive historical sites. One of the area's main features is its strategic layout, designed with strategic importance in mind. For example, the entrance to the madrasa is located on the north side, considered the main focal point.
The carvings on the entrance gate are strictly in the traditional Mamluk style and feature a three-lobed arch with carved muqarnas. Furthermore, the water pharmacy (sabil) is located in the eastern part of the entrance, while a Koranic school (kuttab) is situated on the floor above the entrance gate.
The entrance gate of the madrasa even features a minaret to its right. The minaret itself speaks to the unique skills of the craftsmen of that era, along with the geometric patterns adorning it.
But that is only a demonstration of craftsmanship. The true pinnacle of design and architecture is the mosque's dome, adorned with one of the most detailed, intricate, and exquisite floral embroidery patterns ever produced during the Mamluk era.
Upon entering the site, the first thing you will see is the boldly carved and stripped facade. Furthermore, the interior comprises four halls surrounding a central platform, the courtyard. The space is illuminated by large lattice walls, making the entire area an impressive sight for visitors.
The interior of the mosque is also tiled with soothing colored marble floors. The magnificent wooden ceiling, suspended from the top of the mosque's hall, adds the finishing touch. Adjacent to the mosque is the burial chamber, which contains the memorials of Sultan Qaitbey and his sisters.
Apart from the mosque, the burial chamber is also adorned with a slender and understated stone minaret featuring fascinating, star-shaped floral patterns carved from stone. Therefore, the mosque and mausoleum of Sultan Qaitbey, from the entrance to the mosque's dome, represents a pinnacle of Islamic architecture and Egyptian history.
Cairo Tower, Cairo landmark
The CairoThe tower in Sharia Hadayek Alfest, standing at a height of 187 meters above the ground, and Zuhreya Gezira are considered the second most popular tourist destination after the Great Pyramids of Giza. Whether it's the design and architecture of the site or the view ofCairoFrom the top floor, you will be deeply fascinated by the beauty of this place.
Although the land of the pharaohs boasts a wealth of tourist attractions, you might find yourself confused about which ones to visit and which to postpone until next time. Whatever the reason, the Cairo Tower is a must-see and should definitely be on your to-do list when visiting Cairo.
It is recommended to visit the site, as the building houses many restaurants. This gives food lovers another reason to visit and experience the delicious cuisine offered in the restaurants here.
And while you're busy grabbing your food, don't be alarmed if you feel the floor move because the restaurant is rotating. Yes, that's right. The circular platform atop the Cairo Tower completes a full rotation every 70 minutes. This way, you can enjoy the views of Cairo while you savor your meal and experience the friendly charm of the place in a truly pharaonic fashion.
The architecture of the Cairo Tower
A close examination of the design and architecture of the Cairo Tower reveals that the partially open geometric design of the latticework is indeed consistent across the entire tower. The overall appearance of this design makes it resemble a lotus plant, which was one of the most important iconic symbols in ancient Egypt.
The top of the 'Lotus' design consists of a rotating deck that, when turned slowly, offers a view of the city of Cairo. All in all, the building is a masterpiece of architecture and construction, beautifully showcasing Arabic craftsmanship and knowledge through its design.
Activities
The area mainly boasts expensive but highly-rated restaurants and nightclubs. You can arrange entry to the clubs or dine at your favorite restaurant.
You can visit the top floor of the Cairo Tower for a view of life in Cairo. Located almost in the center of Cairo, the Cairo Tower offers a 360-degree view of the city. You can grab the telescopes installed there and zoom in on the city's beauty and splendor.
Focusing your gaze westward, you can observe the Pyramids of Giza with the Sahara Desert stretching beyond, covering the land of the pharaohs. Moving your telescope eastward, you'll see the medieval quarter of the city. This way, you can fully appreciate the charm of this place.
Nightlife at Cairo Tower
The moment you step inside, you'll feel the place's atmosphere. From the ground floor, the Legends Nightclub plays music that will give you goosebumps. Furthermore, the lighting and the crowd will give you the energy to confidently hit the dance floor.
Furthermore, the tower even houses restaurants and clubs that host belly dancing shows for their patrons. In this way, you can experience the vibrant energy of Egyptian dance culture in a modern way.
As you ascend to the top floor, the view of downtown Cairo becomes even more spectacular, and the glittering lights of the city are visible from the rotating platform at the summit. Your travel journal is guaranteed to fill many pages with memories from your visit to the Cairo Tower.
Rhoda Island, Cairo Sights
Rhoda Island lies on the magnificent Nile in the center ofCairoRhoda Island offers an excellent mix of Al Manyal museums and verdant gardens. It is one of Egypt's oldest landmarks and a lucrative destination for tourists worldwide.
South of Gezira lies the pristine island of Rhoda. A stay in the Manasterly Palace, a colossal landmark for any visitor, showcases magnificent Egyptian architecture. With its fascinating history, this island will captivate travelers visiting Cairo.
Nilometer, Cairo tourist attractions
Years before the construction of the Aswan Dam on the Nile in Egypt, the Egyptians constructed an innovative yet simple structure to predict the Nile's nature. This structure, known as the Nilometer, was used to measure the Nile's water level. The Nilometer helped predict floods and droughts by measuring the Nile's water level. Located between the Manasterly Palace and the Umm Kalthoum Museum, the structure consists of a long staircase leading down to the river. At the top of the Nilometer is the beautifully crafted conical dome, with a vertical column submerged in water at its center. Visitors can enjoy views of Dahab, the coastal town to the south of the building, and feel the cool breeze from the Nile's waters. Tickets for the Nilometer can be purchased at the entrance gate on Sharia Al Malek As Salih. A site guard will then escort visitors to the Nilometer. Site guards are needed because the building usually remains closed between visits. Whatever the reason, the Nilometer is a must-see during your visit to [location].Cairo.
History of the Nilometer - The ancient architectural wonder of Egypt
Nearly 5,000 years ago, three nilometer structures were built across Egypt, with the nilometer in the center ofCairoBuilt under the supervision of the astronomer Afraganus, the Nilometer is located at the southern end of Rhoda Island in central Cairo and is one of the simplest designs for measuring the Nile's water level. It features a vertical column of decorated stone with markings at regular intervals along its length. These markings can still be seen today on the column when descending the steps to the river.
It is believed that, depending on the mark indicating the Nile's water level, annual harvests were predicted and tax collection limits were set and restricted. Because the Nilometer structure was of crucial importance to the Egyptians, only priests and members of ruling clans were permitted to measure it.
The Nilometer, built on Rhoda Island, has witnessed its share of history. Previously, in 1825 AD, during the French occupation of Egypt, French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte destroyed the dome, which had been a hemispherical, domed structure at the top. When Egypt was liberated from French colonization, a conical dome structure was erected on the Rhoda Island Nilometer. Over time, the Nilometer has undergone several restoration projects to preserve the unique character of its ancient scientific structure.
Architectural beauty of the Nilometer
One might be surprised to learn how the Egyptians, during their visit to the Nilometer in Cairo, employed scientific concepts to predict the nature of the Nile. The ancient structure consists of a long, vertical, column-like structure with markings carved at regular intervals. Furthermore, carvings in the Egyptian style can be seen on the Nilometer's interior walls.
Another Nilometer, built on Elephantine Island in Aswan, consists of a regularly spaced staircase leading directly to the Nile. Descending the steps, one can see the water level indicators and corresponding markings on the steps themselves, rather than on a vertical column. Situated near Egypt's southern border, this Nilometer structure on Elephantine Island was also of paramount importance, as it provided an early indication of the onset of Nile flooding.
The Northern Cemetery of Cairo, Cairo Sights
The North Cemetery ofCairoStretching for approximately 6.4 km, the Northern Cemetery contains numerous tombs and mausoleums throughout Cairo. While its name might sound eerie, it also includes multi-story residential buildings and a post office. Visiting on a weekend can be quite crowded with locals and tourists, making it feel more like a city than a traditional cemetery. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Northern Cemetery is that many residents have built their homes as part of their deceased loved ones' tombs. Alongside the tombs, many have established businesses. Egyptians, and Cairenes in particular, view this as a way to remain connected to their departed relatives. Since the area encompasses more than half of Cairo's necropolis, the Northern Cemetery is also known as the "City of the Dead" or "el'arafa," meaning cemetery. The area is home to several famous burial complexes, including the Mosque of Qaitbey, the Sultan Ashraf Barbey Mosque, and the Mausoleum of Ibn Barquq. During your visit to the North Cemetery, you will surely feel bizarre when you see the lifestyle of the locals and the architecture of the complexes.
City of the Dead - History
Since the Northern Cemetery currently has more than half a million inhabitants, its vast size led to its original establishment as a burial ground for the Mamluk sultans and emirs. The mausoleums built during the Mamluk rule served as places for people to socialize and picnic among the tombs. In this way, Egyptians were able to carry the legacy of pharaonic tradition into modern times.
Furthermore, during the Ottoman conquest of Egypt, Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. This forced people from Cairo's middle and lower classes to live in the city of the dead.
Gradually, as the population of the Northern Cemetery increased, the site became known as a hybrid community of Egyptian rural residents and citizens. The 1992 earthquake was another event that led to the expansion of the Northern Cemetery in Cairo.
The architecture of the North Cemetery
If you know that there is a place in Cairo where living people live with their deceased relatives, you should believe that the architecture of this place is different from that of any cemetery.
The roads leading from other parts of Cairo to the Northern Cemetery are well-maintained. However, the tombs themselves have rough and uneven paved paths leading to the various graves. As you will clearly see when visiting the Northern Cemetery, the surrounding area is a slum. Graves have running water and electricity, apartments have been built above them, shops operate within them, and so on.
Furthermore, two schools were built during the rule of former President Hosni Mubarak. All the construction work undertaken there lends it a touch of ritual and modern traditions, attracting tourists from all over the world to experience it for themselves.
Visit to the North Cemetery
During your visit to the Northern Cemetery, you will have time to admire the beauty of the tombs and mosques built as part of the City of the Dead and be inspired by their splendor. The Mosque of Qaitbey is another marvel of Egyptian architecture, along with the Mausoleum of Ibn Barquq.
Once you reach the area with all the tombs, you can walk a little further to come across the vaulted tomb of Emir Tashtimur. Continuing slightly along the road, you'll arrive at the gate of the former Qaitbey compound, with its mosque near the gate. You can even visit the famous Al-Azhar Park, located on the other side of Salah Salem Street.
Places to eat and drink
Since there are very few restaurants within the boundaries of the Northern Cemetery, we want to ensure you don't have to search for restaurants in a labyrinth of graves during your visit to Cairo. An alternative solution is to visit the restaurants in Al-Azhar Park.
When you dine at restaurants like Studio Masr, Alain Le Nôtre and the Lake Side Restaurants, you can taste and experience Egyptian cuisine, right in the middle of one of Cairo's largest parks!
Ben Ezra Synagogue, Cairo Sights
Cairo is a city brimming with ancient buildings, structures, and markets that symbolize Arab culture and traditions. But Cairo isn't just about showcasing the glory of Arab rulers. Amidst numerous mosques, mausoleums, and museums stands the Ben Ezra Synagogue, dedicated to presenting Jewish history to the modern world. Located outside the boundaries of Coptic Cairo, the Ben Ezra Synagogue became a place of worship for Jews in 882 CE. Since then, local authorities have undertaken several restoration and renovation projects to attract visitors from around the globe. Situated next to the Hanging Church and the Coptic Museum, the Ben Ezra Synagogue is considered a must-see during any trip to Cairo. In the 6th century CE, the synagogue played a central role in the Jewish Revolution, when the prophet Jeremiah gathered all the Jews after Nebuchadnezzar's destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The stunning architecture and the interior of the place are also something you shouldn't forget to mention in your scrapbooks! If you're in Cairo, the Ben Ezra Synagogue is a must-see, especially knowing it has such a rich and varied history to share with you.
History of the Ben Ezra Synagogue
The building was originally a Christian church, built in the 4th century AD. In the 9th century AD, the site was converted into a Jewish synagogue. The synagogue was sold by Coptic Christians to compensate for taxes they owed to the Arab rulers of the time.
In the 12th century, the Ben Ezra Synagogue was restored by Abraham Ben Ezra, who did so with the vision of building a place of worship for the Jews living in Cairo. Since then, the synagogue has been known as the Ben Ezra Synagogue and has become a key institution in the Jewish religion.
Furthermore, there are also opinions connected to the location where the synagogue now stands. Cairo residents believe that the Ben Ezra Synagogue was built on the land where the baby Moses was discovered. Legend also states that the famous Rabbi Moses Maimonides studied and worshipped in the synagogue that now stands there.
This site is also known as the El-Geniza Synagogue because the genizah, or storeroom, of the synagogue, discovered in the late 19th century CE, contained numerous sacred manuscripts. These manuscripts belonged to Hebrew, Aramaic, and Jewish-Arabic cultures. It is even believed that the synagogue possesses an ancient copy of a testament of the Prophet Al-Azir (Ezra), which further contributes to the sanctity of the place.
Architectural beauty of the Ben Ezra Synagogue
The architecture and interior of the site are many reasons to visit. This is because the synagogue's interior offers a glimpse into the lives of various rulers who once governed Egypt. The site consists of two floors, with the first floor being the prayer hall for men and the second floor for women.
The first floor is divided into three sections by steel rods, with a platform in front of the sanctuary. The rabbi stands on this platform to read the Torah. There is even an octagonal lector's platform on which the Torah rests, supporting one of its edges. A similar architectural design can be observed on the second floor.
Furthermore, the walls of the side halls feature paintings in the form of geometric patterns with floral motifs in the background. These decorations can also be seen around the Star of David located in the center of the ceiling. The entire space symbolizes a blend of Hatai and Roman decorations and Ottoman arabesques in the form of floral patterns and designs. Such embellished architecture and interior design naturally enhance the spiritual element within and contribute to the unified atmosphere of the synagogue.
Bab al Futuh, Cairo Sights
Completed in 1087 AD, the Bab al-Futuh gate at the northern end of Muizz Street in Cairo is one of the iconic figures identified within the fortress of Old Cairo. While its elegant, curved walls showcase its distinctive architecture, these same walls also provided a formidable defense against enemies in ancient times. Whether it involved scalding foes with boiling water or firing arrows at them, the shafts forged within the Bab al-Futuh have earned it its name as the "Gate of Conquest" throughout Egyptian history.
Stroll along Al-Muizz li-Din Allah Street
The northern section of Al-Muizz li-Din Allah Street is lined with beautiful Mamluk buildings that have been carefully restored to their former glory.
The madrasa of as-Salih Ayyub, built in 1247 AD, testifies to the simplicity of Islamic architecture.
Directly opposite the Madrasa is the stunningly beautiful Madrasa of Qalaun, which is rightly considered one of the most important architectural achievements of the Mamluk period.
It was completed in 1293 by Qalaun's son, Muhammad al-Nasir, and boasts a rich interior with elaborate tilework, fine marble, mother-of-pearl mosaics, and stained-glass windows. The Qalaun Madrasa also served as a hospital upon its opening.
A little further north is the younger (built in 1309) Madrasa of an-Nasr Mohammed with many artistic details to admire before you come to the fabulous Egyptian Textile Museum with a collection that covers the Pharaonic period up to the Islamic period.
Visit the Ibn Tulun Mosque
The second oldest surviving mosque inCairoThe Ibn Tulun Mosque was built between 876 and 879 AD and was modeled after the Kaaba in Mecca (Saudi Arabia).
At the time it was built, it was the largest mosque in existence.
The colonnade's main building displays large preserved fragments of intricate frieze work and opens onto a series of halls with narrow fronts.
The main prayer hall (on the south side of the courtyard) still contains fragments of its older decoration of carved stucco and wood, and the mihrab here has remnants of its original gold mosaic decoration.
On the north side of the mosque stands the 40-meter-high minaret with a delicate horseshoe arch above the entrance and a spiral staircase winding through the interior. It is modeled after the minarets of the Great Mosque of Samarra on the Tigris River.
Climbing the 173 steps to the upper platform reveals a magnificent view over the sea of houses to the north and the Mokattam Hills to the east.
It's just a short walk from the Sultan Hassan Mosque to the Ibn Tulun Mosque if you go straight down Al Saliba Street.
Gayer Anderson Museum, Cairo Sights
Right next to the Mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun in the Sayyida Zeinab district lies the famous Gayer-Anderson Art Museum. Originally the residence of the British Major R.G. Gayer-Anderson Pasha, the site now serves as a museum due to its collection of 17th-century artworks and artifacts.
When you visit the Gayer-Anderson Museum, you can also see the extensive collection of carpets, furniture, and curiosities, carefully displayed throughout the museum grounds. The architecture of the place is divided into various rooms spread across a vast house. Each room showcases artifacts from a different culture, reflecting the rich collection once owned by Major Gayer Anderson. For those with a deep love and fascination for art and historical events and artifacts, the Gayer-Anderson Museum is the perfect place to indulge. You can either learn about the history of the objects on display or click on images of them; your visit will be well worth it!
Ancient Heliopolis and El-Matariya
Not to be confused with the Cairo suburb of the same name, ancient Heliopolis was the Egyptian city of Yuno (known as Heliopolis in Greek times), which is one of the oldest cities in Egypt and was the spiritual center of the entire country from the Old Kingdom onwards.
It is a site only for the most enthusiastic amateur archaeologists, as there are only sparse remains of the city and temple of Re-Harakhty that once stood here.
Most of the stones have been repurposed over the centuries toCairoto build.
The temple remains a solitary obelisk made of red Aswan granite, which is 20 meters high.
Approximately five kilometers east of the obelisk lies the necropolis of Heliopolis, dating from the Middle and New Kingdoms. A remarkable feature of the Middle Kingdom tombs was the large number of weapons found as grave goods.
Near Heliopolis, 13 kilometers northeast of central Cairo, lies the El-Matariya Church with its so-called Virgin Tree. This plane tree was planted in 1672, replacing an older tree on which, according to local legend, the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus rested during their flight to Egypt.
The small garden where the tree stands is irrigated by a spring that was supposedly brought to life by the Christ Child. This spring provides good fresh water, while the water from all other springs in the area is slightly salty.
The legend of the Maiden Tree is linked to an older cult, because the ancient Egyptians worshipped a tree in Heliopolis under which Isis supposedly nursed the child Horus.
