Red Sea Sharks

Red Sea Sharks

Do you know that the Red Sea is home to some of the most fascinating shark species in the world? From the elusive tiger shark to the gentle giant whale shark, this region has it all. And while the idea of encountering a shark may be daunting to some, for many divers it is a dream come true. That's where the Red Sea Sharks organization comes in, dedicated to the conservation and study of these magnificent creatures. In this blog post, we'll take a closer look at the top types of sharks you can encounter in the Red Sea, where to find them, and how to observe them responsibly. So let's dive in and explore the world of Red Sea sharks!

II. List of Sharks in the Red Sea

Heptranchias perlo

The sharpnose sevengill shark, also known as Heptranchias perlo, is a unique and fascinating creature. Belonging to the most ancient frill and cow shark order, this species only has a single dorsal fin and seven gill slits (versus the five found in all other sharks). These deep-water predators are circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas except for the northeast Pacific. They are mainly found on the outer and upper continental and island shelves, at depths ranging from 0 to 1000 meters. Sharpnose sevengills have beautiful fluorescent green eyes and are brownish gray above and lighter below, sometimes with indistinct dark blotches. Although of only minor commercial fishery importance, sharpnose sevengills are caught primarily as bycatch in fisheries using bottom trawls and longlines, which may cause future declines of populations of this slow-reproducing species. Despite its relatively small size, the sharpnose sevengill shark is considered important in the ecosystem it inhabits, and seeing one while diving is sure to be a thrilling experience.

Sharpnose sevengill shark (Hexanchidae)

Have ever heard of the Sharpnose sevengill shark? It's a deepwater shark that belongs to the Hexanchidae family, which is one of the most ancient frill and cow shark orders. This small shark is commonly found in tropical and temperate waters, and is often seen in outer continental and island shelves at depths of up to 1000 meters. Despite being a deepwater predator, the Sharpnose sevengill shark is considered harmless to humans, but becomes very active and defensive when caught. This species is of minor commercial importance, but is often caught as bycatch in commercial fisheries. The sharpnose sevengill sharks are deepwater predators that feed mostly at night on smaller sharks and small bony fish, as well as shrimps, crabs, lobsters, and squid. Sadly, populations of this slow-reproducing species may be declining in areas of sustained deepwater fishing, which has led to the sharpnose sevengill shark being listed as 'Near Threatened' on the Red List of Threatened Species.

Loxodon macrorhinus

Loxodon macrorhinus, also known as the sliteye shark, is a fascinating species of requiem shark. Resilient and with large eyes, this shark is easily recognizable by its long narrow snout and small oblique-cusped teeth with smooth edges. Found mainly near the bottom of continental and insular shelves, the sliteye shark feeds mainly on small bony fishes, shrimps, and cuttlefish. This shark is viviparous and gives birth annually to litters of 2-4 pups. It prefers warm waters ranging from 24.6 - 29°C and can be found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region, including the Red Sea and East Africa up to Japan and down to Australia. Although the sliteye shark is caught in artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries, it is of limited value due to its small size. It is utilized fresh for human consumption, including its meat and fins. The sliteye shark gives nature enthusiasts and divers a chance to witness one of the smaller but unique species of sharks in the wild.

Sliteye shark (Carcharhinidae)

Theiteye shark, also known as Loxodon macrorhinus, is a fascinating species of requiem shark that belongs to the family Carcharhinidae. One of the unique features of this shark is its long, narrow, and slender snout with notched rear eyes and short furrows. Its teeth are small, with smooth edges and oblique cusps. The second dorsal fin is positioned low behind the larger anal fin. The shark is mainly found in the Indo-West Pacific around the Red Sea, East Africa, Indonesia, Japan, and Australia. It prefers to stay near the bottom of the continental and insular shelves and is mainly a small bony fish, shrimp, and cuttlefish eater. This small-sized shark has a maximum length of 98.0 cm TL, and the females give birth annually to litters of 2-4 pups. The Sliteye shark is caught in artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries but is of limited value due to its size. These sharks are unique and intriguing creatures to observe, but it's essential to do so safely. 

Alopias

Theagic Thresher (Alopias pelagicus) is a distinctive-looking pelagic shark found primarily in the open ocean of the Indo-Pacific. Unfortunately, it is also a species that is endangered due to overfishing and habitat loss. Pelagic threshers are migratory, moving across large areas of the ocean in search of food and reproduction opportunities. This shark species is known for its unique hunting technique of using its long tail to stun prey, making it a fascinating subject for researchers studying their movement ecology and physiology. One such study focusing on pelagic thresher sharks was conducted in the Red Sea, where researchers used satellite tags to track a shark's movements and depth distribution. The results revealed some interesting insights into the species' physiological limitations and trophic ecology, providing valuable information for establishing better management and conservation strategies. Pelagic thresher sharks are a vital part of the ocean's delicate ecosystem, and it's crucial that we work to protect them from extinction for the health of our planet.

III. Commonly spotted shark species in the Red Sea

Grey reef sharks

Grey reef sharks are a common sight in the Red Sea and are easily identifiable by their black-edged tails and white-tipped dorsals. These shy and reef-dwelling creatures grow up to two meters in length and are often encountered by beginner divers cruising the currents. They spend most of their time patrolling reef walls and drop-offs, which makes them a perfect species for observing and learning about shark behavior. Grey reef sharks, along with blacktip and whitetip reef sharks, are the most commonly spotted species in the Red Sea. Despite their prevalence, they are unfortunately listed as endangered. At Red Sea Sharks, we are dedicated to the conservation of all shark species, and we offer information on their biology, behavior, and ongoing research efforts. Our ultimate goal is to raise awareness about these beautiful creatures and protect their habitat from further destruction. By adopting a shark or donating to our cause, you can help support our scientific research and conservation efforts.

Scalloped hammerheads

The scalloped hammerhead shark is a fascinating and unique species of shark. With its distinctive shape and behavior, it is a wonder of the sea. These slow-growing sharks are found in warm temperate and tropical coastal waters around the world. One of the most notable features of the scalloped hammerhead is its head which is shaped like a hammer, allowing it to detect prey more effectively. Additionally, these sharks have a very high metabolic rate, which means they need a steady supply of food to survive. They are also known to be quite social, often seen in large schools numbering in the hundreds. While they are not considered dangerous to humans, they should still be observed from a safe distance. Overall, the scalloped hammerhead shark is a truly magnificent creature that deserves our respect and admiration.

Oceanic whitetips

The oceanic whitetip shark is an awe-inspiring creature with a unique evolutionary design. With its distinct markings of white on its fins, the oceanic whitetip is well adapted to thrive in tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Despite its potentially dangerous nature, I found myself spending nearly a week diving with them without feeling threatened. They move effortlessly through the water, using their long and rounded fins to glide while maintaining a constant flow of water over their gills to breathe. One of the most fascinating theories is that they use the fluid movement of their fin tips to lure fast-swimming predatory fish into their territory, making them a master of deception. Unfortunately, human intervention has led to a decline in oceanic whitetip populations. These gorgeous creatures have become a target for fishing and are often victims of accidental catches. It is vital that we take measures to protect them and preserve the future of this magnificent species.

Tiger sharks

Tiger sharks are fascinating creatures that reside in tropical and temperate waters around the world. They are large sharks, known for their distinctive stripes that resemble those of a tiger. These sharks are among the most cited species for unprovoked attacks on humans, which makes them an attraction for daredevils. They have a reputation for being unpredictable hunters and will eat almost anything. However, tiger sharks are also known for their role in maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems. They help keep populations of smaller fish and other marine animals in check. Despite their fearsome reputation, these sharks are not always aggressive towards humans. With proper precautions and knowledge, people can observe them safely. However, it is important to remember that tiger sharks are wild animals, and we must always show respect for their space to avoid any negative interactions.

Whale sharks

Whale sharks are the gentle giants of the sea, known for their massive size and unique spotted pattern. These awe-inspiring creatures are frequently spotted in the Red Sea and are a favorite among divers and snorkelers. These filter feeders are frequently seen on the surface as they cruise in the shallows, feasting on their favorite meal - plankton. Although very little is known about the movements and migrations of these ocean giants, scientists believe that the Red Sea's aggregation is likely linked to mating as male and female sharks appear in equal numbers. Visitors to the Red Sea should plan their trip between March and July when whale shark sightings are most consistent. It's important to keep a safe distance from these massive animals to ensure their comfort and safety. Whale sharks are listed as endangered on the Red List, and human activity is their biggest threat. To help protect these gentle giants, it's important to report any type of chasing, illegal fishing, or disturbance to the authorities. Encountering a whale shark in the wild is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and we must take steps to protect them for future generations.

Leopard sharks

The leopard shark, also known as Triakis semifasciata, is a common species found along the Pacific coast of North America. Despite its name, this shark has a distinctive pattern of black saddle-like markings and large spots over its back. Leopard sharks are a common sight in shallow waters, swimming over sandy or muddy flats. They can even be found near rocky or kelp-strewn areas and may follow tides onto mudflats to forage for food. These social creatures swim in groups with others of similar size and sex, making them easy to spot by divers. They tend to remain within a particular area rather than undertaking long or migratory movements, which explains why they can be found in discrete subpopulations. These gentle sharks are harmless to humans and are often caught for food and the aquarium trade. Despite being a popular fishing target, leopard sharks are considered critically endangered and are protected in some areas to ensure their survival.

IV. Diving in the Red Sea

Best dive sites for encountering sharks

If're looking for the best dive sites for encountering sharks in the Red Sea, Shark Reef and Yolanda Reef in Ras Mohamed National Park is a must-visit. These two peaks offer a home to various shark species, including gray reef sharks, barracudas, and even hammerhead sharks. Scalloped hammerheads are most commonly spotted during early morning dives, emerging from the depths to visit cleaning stations or gathering at current-swept drop-offs. Meanwhile, tiger sharks can be seen at Daedalus, Elphinstone, and the Straits of Tiran, but sightings can occur anywhere at any time since they are highly nomadic. Whale sharks are also frequently spotted, especially between March and July, in reefs like Jackson and Woodhouse in the Tiran Straits. As always, safety should be your top priority, so make sure to observe these majestic creatures from a safe distance to ensure their comfort and safety.

Best seasons for shark sightings

If're hoping to see sharks in the Red Sea, it's important to plan your visit during the best seasons. While sharks can be spotted throughout the year, there are certain times when you're more likely to encounter them. Whale sharks and hammerhead sharks are most commonly seen in the summer months, especially from the end of May to July. This is also when you're most likely to spot these predators in the northern and southern parts of the sea. Thresher sharks, which are easily recognizable with their long tails and noses, can be observed in the Brother Islands and Marsa Alam Daedalus dive sites from September to February. The sardine run, which takes place in the southern parts of the Red Sea in December and January, attracts large schools of sardines and several predators, including sharks, dolphins, and whales. Remember to always observe these magnificent creatures safely and ethically by following ecotourism guidelines and choosing responsible diving operators.

Tips for observing sharks safely

Observing sharks can be a thrilling experience, but it's important to do so safely. One of the best tips for observing sharks is to remain calm and still, as sudden movements can startle them. It's also important to avoid wearing clothes or gear that may attract sharks, such as bright colors. Instead, opt for darker colors that blend in with the surroundings. Maintaining eye contact with the sharks can also help convey that you are a predator, not prey. If you do encounter a shark, it's important to keep your distance and give them space, using fins or other inanimate objects to create separation. Lastly, it's essential to adhere to local shark patterns and avoid swimming in areas where sharks are known to be more active during certain times of the year. Following these simple tips can help ensure a safe and enjoyable shark observation experience.